Automatic Generation Control Considering Uncertainties of the Key Parameters in the Frequency Response Model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel AGC method that accounts for uncertainties in key frequency response parameters caused by renewable energy and electric vehicles, improving control performance and efficiency.

Contribution

It develops an online probability estimation model for frequency response parameters and integrates it into a distributionally robust optimization-based AGC framework.

Findings

Outperforms traditional PI control in simulations

Effectively manages uncertainties in system inertia and damping

Enhances frequency regulation stability

Abstract

The highly fluctuated renewable generations and electric vehicles have undergone tremendous growth in recent years. The majority of them are connected to the grid via power electronic devices, resulting in wide variation ranges for several key parameters in the frequency response model (FRM) such as system inertia and load damping factor. In this paper, an automatic generation control (AGC) method considering the uncertainties of these key parameters is proposed. First, the historical power system operation data following large power disturbances are used to identify the FRM key parameters offline. Second, the offline identification results and the normal operation data prior to the occurrence of the disturbance are used to train the online probability estimation model of the FRM key parameters. Third, the online estimation results of the FRM key parameters are used as the input, and the model predictive-based AGC signal optimization method is developed based on distributionally robust optimization (DRO) technology. Case studies conducted on the IEEE 118-Bus System show that the proposed AGC method outperforms the widely utilized PI-based control method in terms of performance and efficiency.