The graviton Compton mass as Dark energy

TL;DR

This paper proposes that the quantum nature of gravity gives the graviton a Compton mass linked to the universe's size, naturally explaining dark energy and its observed effects without free constants.

Contribution

It introduces a model where dark energy arises from the graviton's quantum properties, matching observations and resolving the coincidence problem naturally.

Findings

Dark energy density matches Planck data (Ω_Λ ≈ 0.69).

The model reproduces the LCDM evolution of the Hubble parameter.

Provides a natural explanation for the Hubble constant discrepancy.

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges of science is to understand the current accelerated expansion of the Universe. In this work, we show that by considering the quantum nature of the gravitational field, its wavelength can be associated with an effective Compton mass. We propose that this mass can be interpreted as dark energy, with a Compton wavelength given by the size of the observable Universe, implying that the dark energy varies depending on this size. If we do so, we find that: 1.- Even without any free constant for dark energy, the evolution of the Hubble parameter is exactly the same as for the LCDM model, so we expect this model to have the same predictions as LCDM. 2.- The density rate of the dark energy is $\Omega_{\Lambda}= 0.69$ which is a very similar value as the one found by the Planck satellite $\Omega_{\Lambda}= 0.684$. 3.- The dark energy has this value because it corresponds to the actual size of the radius of the Universe, thus the coincidence problem has a very natural explanation. 4.-It is possible to find also a natural explanation to why observations inferred from the local distance ladder find the value $H_0= 73$ km/s/Mpc for the Hubble constant. We show that if we take the variability of the dark energy into account, they should measure $H_0= 67.3$ km/s/Mpc as well. 5.-In this model the inflationary period contains a natural successful graceful exit.