Quantum algorithms for quantum dynamics: A performance study on the spin-boson model

TL;DR

This study evaluates the efficiency and scalability of variational quantum algorithms for simulating quantum dynamics, specifically the spin-boson model, comparing them to traditional Trotter-based methods under realistic noise conditions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed performance assessment of a variational quantum algorithm for quantum dynamics, including noise effects and system size scaling, and offers insights into their potential and limitations.

Findings

Variational algorithms show good accuracy with a physically motivated ansatz.

They reduce quantum gate costs compared to Trotter methods.

Current implementations are unlikely to achieve quantum advantage for time-dependent problems.

Abstract

Quantum algorithms for quantum dynamics simulations are traditionally based on implementing a Trotter-approximation of the time-evolution operator. This approach typically relies on deep circuits and is therefore hampered by the substantial limitations of available noisy and near-term quantum hardware. On the other hand, variational quantum algorithms have become an indispensable alternative, enabling small-scale simulations on present-day hardware. However, despite the recent development of variational quantum algorithms for quantum dynamics, a detailed assessment of their efficiency and scalability is yet to be presented. To fill this gap, we applied a variational quantum algorithm based on McLachlan's principle to simulate the dynamics of a spin-boson model subject to varying levels of realistic hardware noise as well as in different physical regimes, and discuss the algorithm's accuracy and scaling behavior as a function of system size. We observe a good performance of the variational approach used in combination with a general, physically motivated wavefunction ansatz, and compare it to the conventional first-order Trotter-evolution. Finally, based on this, we make scaling predictions for the simulation of a classically intractable system. We show that, despite providing a clear reduction of quantum gate cost, the variational method in its current implementation is unlikely to lead to a quantum advantage for the solution of time-dependent problems.