A search for transits among the {\delta} Scuti variables in Kepler

TL;DR

This study searches for transiting planets around { extdelta} Scuti pulsating stars in Kepler data, developing a new method to distinguish transits from pulsations, and provides initial candidate detections and upper limits on planetary masses.

Contribution

It introduces a simple, efficient method for detecting transits in pulsating star light curves and presents the first complete sample of transits around { extdelta} Sct variables.

Findings

Identified 3 new candidate transit events hidden by pulsations.

Set upper limits on planetary masses using pulsation timing analysis.

Projected 12 detectable planets in TESS data above 0.5 RJup.

Abstract

We search for transits around all known pulsating {\delta} Sct variables (6500 K < Teff < 10 000 K) in the long-cadence Kepler data after subtracting the pulsation signal through an automated routine. To achieve this, we devise a simple and computationally inexpensive method for distinguishing between low-frequency pulsations and transits in light curves. We find 3 new candidate transit events that were previously hidden behind the pulsations, but caution that they are likely to be false positive events. We also examined the Kepler Objects of Interest catalog and identify 13 additional host stars which show {\delta} Sct pulsations. For each star in our sample, we use the non-detection of pulsation timing variations for a planet that is known to be transiting a {\delta} Sct variable to obtain both an upper limit on the mass of the planet and the expected radial velocity semi-amplitude of the host star. Simple injection tests of our pipeline imply 100% recovery for planets of 0.5 RJup or greater. Extrapolating our number of Kepler {\delta} Sct stars, we expect 12 detectable planets above 0.5 RJup in TESS. Our sample contains some of the hottest known transiting planets around evolved stars, and is the first complete sample of transits around {\delta} Sct variables. We make available our code and pulsation-subtracted light curves to facilitate further analysis.