On the Need for a Classification System for Consistent Characterization of the Composition of Planetary Bodies

TL;DR

This paper proposes a standardized classification system for planetary bodies based on mass-radius and mass-density relationships, enabling consistent characterization of exoplanets and distinguishing between different planetary types.

Contribution

It introduces a new classification framework that categorizes planets into five main classes and defines specific composition subclasses using Solar System analogs.

Findings

Five broad planetary composition classes identified

Classification enables differentiation of gas-rich super-Earths and mini-Neptunes

Framework supports detailed exoplanet characterization

Abstract

A classification system is presented for characterizing the composition of planetary bodies. From mass-radius and mass-density relationships, planets may be broadly grouped into five composition classes identified as: Gas Giant, Rock-Ice Giant, gas-rich Terrestrial, Rock Terrestrial, and Rock-Ice Terrestrial based upon the mass fractions of H-He gas, rock, and ice. For each of these broad composition classes, specific bulk composition classes are defined and characterized with Solar System analog names. The classification system allows for both general and detailed characterization of exoplanets based upon planetary mass-radius-composition models and provides rationale for distinguishing gas-rich super-Earths from mini-Neptunes.