The QBO-type signals in the subsurface flow fields during solar cycles 23 and 24

TL;DR

This study investigates the presence and evolution of quasi-biennial oscillations in the Sun's subsurface flow fields across different depths and latitudes during solar cycles 23 and 24, revealing depth-dependent amplitude increases.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of QBO-like signals' spatiotemporal evolution in subsurface solar rotation during these cycles, highlighting depth and latitude variations.

Findings

QBO-like signals are present across all latitudes and depths.

Amplitude of QBO variations increases with depth.

Signals exhibit different evolution patterns depending on depth and latitude.

Abstract

We studied the presence and spatiotemporal evolution of the quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) in the rotation rate residuals at target depths of 0.90$R_{\odot}$, 0.95$R_{\odot}$, and 0.99$R_{\odot}$ and at low (0 -- 30$^{\circ}$), mid (30 -- 50$^{\circ}$), and high (50 -- 70$^{\circ}$) latitudinal bands. To achieve these objectives we used data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on {\it the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} ({\it SOHO}) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on the {\it Solar Dynamics Observatory} ({\it SDO}), covering solar cycles 23 and 24, respectively. The results show that there are QBO-like signals in each latitudinal band and depth however they are affected by higher amplitude and longer-time scale variations. The QBO-like signals found in each target depth and latitudinal bands show different spatiotemporal evolution. The amplitudes of variations of the rotation rate residuals in the QBO timescale increase with increasing depth.