Angular momentum distributions for observed and modeled exoplanetary systems

TL;DR

This study analyzes the angular momentum distributions of observed and modeled exoplanetary systems, revealing differences from our Solar System and highlighting the impact of observational biases and the need for improved theoretical models.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of angular momentum in exoplanet systems using observational data and theoretical models, accounting for biases and uncertainties.

Findings

Most exoplanets have different angular momentum distributions than Solar System planets.

Model simulations, when accounting for biases, generally match observed angular momentum patterns.

Differences between observations and models offer insights for future theoretical improvements.

Abstract

The distribution of angular momentum of planets and their host stars provides important information on the formation and evolution of the planetary system. However, mysteries still remain, partly due to bias and uncertainty of the current observational datasets and partly due to the fact that theoretical models for the formation and evolution of planetary systems are still underdeveloped. In this study, we calculate the spin angular momenta of host stars and the orbital angular momenta of their planets using data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive, together with detailed analysis of observation dependent biases and uncertainty ranges. We also analyze the angular momenta of the planetary system as a function of star age to understand their variation in different evolutionary stages. In addition, we use a population of planets from theoretical model simulations to reexamine the observed patterns and compare the simulated population with the observed samples to assess variations and differences. We found the majority of exoplanets discovered thus far do not have the angular momentum distribution similar to the planets in our Solar System, though this could be due to the observation bias. When filtered by the observational biases, the model simulated angular momentum distributions are comparable to the observed pattern in general. However, the differences between the observation and model simulation in the parameter (angular momentum) space provide more rigorous constraints and insights on the issues that needed future improvement.