Fast universal quantum control above the fault-tolerance threshold in silicon

TL;DR

This paper reports achieving high-fidelity universal quantum gates in silicon spin qubits, surpassing the fault-tolerance threshold, and demonstrates their application in quantum algorithms, advancing scalable silicon quantum computing.

Contribution

It introduces a method for fast electrical control of silicon spin qubits achieving >99.5% two-qubit gate fidelity, surpassing the fault-tolerance threshold.

Findings

Two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.5% achieved

Single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.8% demonstrated

Successful implementation of Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover algorithms

Abstract

Fault-tolerant quantum computers which can solve hard problems rely on quantum error correction. One of the most promising error correction codes is the surface code, which requires universal gate fidelities exceeding the error correction threshold of 99 per cent. Among many qubit platforms, only superconducting circuits, trapped ions, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have delivered those requirements. Electron spin qubits in silicon are particularly promising for a large-scale quantum computer due to their nanofabrication capability, but the two-qubit gate fidelity has been limited to 98 per cent due to the slow operation.Here we demonstrate a two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.5 per cent, along with single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.8 per cent, in silicon spin qubits by fast electrical control using a micromagnet-induced gradient field and a tunable two-qubit coupling. We identify the condition of qubit rotation speed and coupling strength where we robustly achieve high-fidelity gates. We realize Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover search algorithms with high success rates using our universal gate set. Our results demonstrate the universal gate fidelity beyond the fault-tolerance threshold and pave the way for scalable silicon quantum computers.