Fairer Chess: A Reversal of Two Opening Moves in Chess Creates Balance Between White and Black

TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified opening move sequence in chess called Balanced Alternation, which involves Black and White making two moves each before alternating, aiming to create a fairer game that leans towards draws with optimal play.

Contribution

It introduces a novel opening sequence, Balanced Alternation, that adjusts move order to balance White and Black's chances and is supported by computer analysis.

Findings

Balanced Alternation increases game fairness.

Computer analysis suggests a higher likelihood of draws.

Sequence lies between standard and Black-favoring openings.

Abstract

Unlike tic-tac-toe or checkers, in which optimal play leads to a draw, it is not known whether optimal play in chess ends in a win for White, a win for Black, or a draw. But after White moves first in chess, if Black has a double move followed by a double move of White and then alternating play, play is more balanced because White does not always tie or lead in moves. Symbolically, Balanced Alternation gives the following move sequence: After White's (W) initial move, first Black (B) and then White each have two moves in a row (BBWW), followed by the alternating sequence, beginning with W, which altogether can be written as WB/BW/WB/WB/WB... (the slashes separate alternating pairs of moves). Except for reversal of the 3rd and 4th moves from WB to BW, this is the standard chess sequence. Because Balanced Alternation lies between the standard sequence, which favors White, and a comparable sequence that favors Black, it is highly likely to produce a draw with optimal play, rendering chess fairer. This conclusion is supported by a computer analysis of chess openings and how they would play out under Balanced Alternation.