Optimal decay of compressible Navier-Stokes equations with or without potential force

TL;DR

This paper determines the optimal decay rates for solutions and their derivatives in the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, improving previous results and including cases with potential force, establishing both upper and lower bounds.

Contribution

It improves existing decay rate results for the CNS equations without potential force and establishes optimal decay rates with potential force, matching upper and lower bounds.

Findings

Decay rate for derivatives improved to (1+t)^{-(s+N)}

Established optimal decay rates with potential force

Decay bounds are proven to be sharp and matching

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the optimal decay rate for the higher order spatial derivative of global solution to the compressible Navier-Stokes (CNS) equations with or without potential force in three-dimensional whole space. First of all, it has been shown in \cite{guo2012} that the $N$-th order spatial derivative of global small solution of the CNS equations without potential force tends to zero with the $L^2-$rate $(1+t)^{-(s+N-1)}$ when the initial perturbation around the constant equilibrium state belongs to $H^N(\mathbb{R}^3)\cap \dot H^{-s}(\mathbb{R}^3)(N \ge 3 \text{~and~} s\in [0, \frac32))$. Thus, our first result improves this decay rate to $(1+t)^{-(s+N)}$. Secondly, we establish the optimal decay rate for the global small solution of the CNS equations with potential force as time tends to infinity. These decay rates for the solution itself and its spatial derivatives are really optimal since the upper bounds of decay rates coincide with the lower ones.