Charmonium in electromagnetic and vortical fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electromagnetic and vortical fields in heavy-ion collisions influence charmonium states, revealing anisotropic effects and potential transitions from strong interaction to electromagnetic and vortical dominance.

Contribution

It derives a non-relativistic equation for heavy quarks in rotating electromagnetic fields and explores the anisotropic modifications to the charmonium potential under these conditions.

Findings

Electromagnetic and vortical fields induce anisotropy in the charmonium potential.

Vorticity significantly influences the anisotropic properties of bound states.

Transition from strong interaction to electromagnetic/vortical interaction can occur in high-energy collisions.

Abstract

Due to larger mass and earlier production, heavy quark(quarkonium) can be sensitive probes to investigate the fast decaying electromagnetic and vortical fields produced in heavy-ion collisions. The non-relativistic Schroedinger-like equation for heavy quarks under strong electromagnetic fields in the rotating frame is deduced and used to construct the two-body equation for the charmonium system. The effective potential between charm and anti-charm becomes anisotropic in electromagnetic and vortical fields, especially along the direction of the Lorentz force. The vorticity will affect this asymmetry property largely and catalyze the transition from strong interaction dominant bound state to electromagnetic and vortical interaction controlled anisotropic bound state. It is possible to be realized in high-energy nuclear collisions.