Theory of quantum entanglement and the structure of two-mode squeezed antiferromagnetic magnon vacuum

TL;DR

This paper explores the quantum entanglement properties of two-mode squeezed vacuum states in antiferromagnetic magnons, revealing how entanglement varies across the Brillouin zone and can be experimentally tested through measurable correlations.

Contribution

It extends previous work by analyzing the squeezing and entanglement of all sublattice Fock states throughout the magnetic Brillouin zone, providing a comprehensive quantum characterization.

Findings

Magnons are created in pairs with opposite wavevectors, leading to entanglement.

The Duan-Giedke-Cirac-Zoller inequality is violated for all modes, indicating strong entanglement.

Entanglement decreases towards the corners of the Brillouin zone.

Abstract

Recent investigations of the quantum properties of an antiferromagnet in the spin wave approximation have identified the eigenstates as two-mode squeezed sublattice states. The uniform squeezed vacuum and one-magnon states were shown to display a massive sublattice entanglement. Here we expand this investigation and study the squeezing properties of all sublattice Fock states throughout the magnetic Brillouin zone. We derive the full statistics of the sublattice magnon number with wave number $\vec k$ in the ground state and show that magnons are created in pairs with opposite wavevectors, hence, resulting in entanglement of both modes. To quantify the degree of entanglement we apply the Duan-Giedke-Cirac-Zoller inequality and show that it can be violated for all modes. The degree of entanglement decrease towards the corners of the Brillouin zone. We relate the entanglement to measurable correlations of components of the N\'eel and the magnetization vectors, thus, allowing to experimentally test the quantum nature of the squeezed vacuum. The distinct $\vec k$-space structure of the probabilites shows that the squeezed vacuum has a nonuniform shape that is revealed through the $\vec k$-dependent correlators for the magnetization and the N\'eel vectors.