Rectangular Planar vs Concentric Circular Array for 5G Beamforming

TL;DR

This paper compares rectangular planar and concentric circular antenna arrays for 5G beamforming, showing that CCA arrays can produce narrower beams with fewer elements and smaller area, potentially improving 5G network performance.

Contribution

It demonstrates that concentric circular arrays outperform rectangular arrays in beamwidth and element efficiency for 5G beamforming applications.

Findings

CCA arrays generate narrower beams than RPA arrays.

CCA arrays require fewer antenna elements.

CCA arrays occupy smaller physical area.

Abstract

The transmitter signals in the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks suffer from significant path loss due to the use of higher frequencies in Sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. Therefore, beamforming is an essential and powerful tool in 5G to enhance signal for the desired direction and suppress interferences from other directions. For a given number of antenna elements, the geometry of the array dictates its beam pattern. Most of the works in the existing literature address the use of rectangular planar antenna (RPA) arrays for 5G beamforming. In this work, we demonstrate that a concentric circular antenna (CCA) array is capable of generating a significantly narrower beam than an RPA array while operating with a notably lesser number of antenna elements on a considerably smaller area. This capability of the CCA array can be exploited and utilized in enhancing the performance of a 5G network in both the link and the system levels.