Pair Cascades at the Edge of the Broad-Line Region Shaping the Gamma-Ray Spectrum of 3C 279

TL;DR

This study models the gamma-ray spectrum of blazar 3C 279, revealing that its emission likely originates from the edge of the broad-line region, with spectral features shaped by atomic emission lines and pair cascades.

Contribution

It provides high-precision gamma-ray spectral analysis and simulates pair cascade models, demonstrating emission near the BLR edge rather than deep inside it.

Findings

Spectral features imprinted by atomic emission lines detected

No exponential attenuation indicating emission outside the BLR

Models fit observational data well without external pair absorption

Abstract

The blazar 3C 279 emits a flux of gamma-rays that is variable on timescales as short as the light-crossing time across the event horizon of its central black hole. It is commonly reported that the spectral energy distribution (SED) does not show signs of pair attenuation due to interactions of the gamma rays with ambient ultraviolet photons, concluding that the gamma rays must originate from substructures in the jet outside of the broad-line region (BLR). We address the spectral signature imprinted by atomic emission lines on the gamma-ray spectrum produced by an inverse-Compton pair cascade in the photon field of the BLR. We determine with high precision the gamma-ray SED of 3C 279 using Fermi Large Area Telescope data from MJD 58129 - 58150 and simulate the pair cascade spectrum for three different injection terms. Satisfactory fits to the observational data are obtained. The obtained SED shows features imprinted by pair production on atomic emission line photons due to optically thick radiation transport, but lacking further exponential attenuation expected if the emission region would lie buried deep within the BLR. The SED of 3C 279 is consistent with an inverse-Compton pair cascade spectrum without exponential external pair absorption. Our findings support the view that the gamma-ray emission in 3C 279 originates from the edge of the BLR.