Empirical Constraints on Core Collapse Supernova Yields using Very Metal Poor Damped Lyman Alpha Absorbers

TL;DR

This study uses very metal-poor Damped Lyman Alpha Absorbers to empirically constrain the yields of zero- and low-metallicity core collapse supernovae, providing insights into early galaxy chemical evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a large, high-quality dataset of VMP DLAs to empirically derive supernova yields and compares these with various theoretical models, highlighting discrepancies and areas for model improvement.

Findings

Certain models match Si and S ratios in DLAs

HW10 model reproduces N abundance ratios

Adopting a progenitor mass-dependent explosion energy causes disagreements

Abstract

We place empirical constraints on the yields from zero- and low-metallicity core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) using abundances measured in very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] $\leq$ $-2$) Damped Lyman Alpha Absorbers (DLAs). For some abundance ratios ([N,Al,S/Fe]), VMP DLAs constrain the metal yields of the first SNe more reliably than VMP stars. We compile a large sample of high-S/N VMP DLAs from over 30 years of literature, most with high resolution spectral measurements. We infer the IMF-averaged CCSNe yield from the median values from the DLA abundance ratios of C, N, O, Al, Si, S, and Fe (over Fe and O). We assume that the DLAs are metal-poor enough that they represent galaxies in their earliest stages of evolution, when CCSNe are the only nucleosynthetic sources of the metals we analyze. We compare five sets of zero- and low-metallicity theoretical yields to the empirical yields derived in this work. We find that the five models agree with the DLA yields for ratios containing Si and S. Only one model, Heger & Woosley (2010, hereafter HW10), reproduced the DLA values for N, and one other model, Limongi & Chieffi (2018, hereafter LC18), reproduced [N/O]. We found little change in the theoretical yields with the adoption of a SN explosion landscape (where certain progenitor masses collapse into black holes, contributing no yields) onto HW10, but fixing explosion energy to progenitor mass results in wide disagreements between the predictions and DLA abundances. We investigate the adoption of a simple, observationally motivated Initial Distribution of Rotational Velocities for LC18 and find a slight improvement.