Macroscopic quantum tunneling: from quantum vortices to black holes and Universe

TL;DR

This paper extends the concept of macroscopic quantum tunneling to cosmological objects like black holes and the universe, calculating entropy and Hawking radiation properties using various quantum tunneling methods.

Contribution

It introduces new approaches to study quantum tunneling in cosmological systems, including black holes and the universe, expanding the scope of macroscopic quantum tunneling research.

Findings

Calculated the entropy of Reissner-Nordström black holes.

Determined the temperature of Hawking radiation for black holes.

Applied multiple tunneling methods to cosmological objects.

Abstract

The paper has been prepared for the JETP issue, dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of E.I. Rashba. E. Rashba stood at the origins of macroscopic quantum tunneling together with his colleagues from the Landau Institute S.V. Iordansky and A.M. Finkelshtein. They pave the way for studying macroscopic quantum tunneling in various systems. In this paper, this approach is extended to cosmological objects such as a black hole and de Sitter Universe. In particular, this allowed to calculate the entropy of Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) black hole with two horizons and the corresponding temperature of the thermal Hawking radiation. Several different approaches were used: the method of semiclassical tunneling for calculation of the Hawking temperature; the cotunneling mechanism -- the coherent sequence of tunneling at two horizons, each determined by the corresponding Hawking temperature; the method of singular coordinate transformations for calculations of macroscopic quantum tunneling from the RN black hole to the RN white hole; the method of the adiabatic change of the fine structure constant for the adiabatic transformation from the RN black hole to the Schwarzschild black hole; etc.