Collective motion of granular matter subjected to swirling excitation

TL;DR

This study investigates the collective motion behaviors of granular matter under swirling excitation, revealing different rotation modes depending on packing density and oscillation strength, with implications for understanding granular dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed experimental analysis of collective motion modes in granular packs subjected to horizontal circular shaking, highlighting new rotation behaviors and phase transitions.

Findings

High-density phase travels along side walls in one direction while oscillating oppositely.

At higher densities, the entire packing rotates as a solid body.

A fluid-like layer separates the rotating core from the boundary.

Abstract

A two-dimensional granular packing under horizontally circular shaking exhibits various collective motion modes depending on the strength of the oscillation and the global packing density. For intermediate packing density and oscillation amplitude, a high density phase travels along the container's side wall in clockwise direction, while the oscillation itself is anti-clockwise. Further increasing packing density towards the hexagonal packing, the whole packing rotates collectively in clockwise direction. The core of the packing rotates as a solid and is separated from the boundary by a fluid-like layer. Both motion modes are associated with the asymmetric motion of particles close to the side wall.