Spectral signature of mass outflow in Two Component Advective Flow Paradigm

TL;DR

This paper models the spectral properties of black hole outflows within the Two Component Advective Flow paradigm, incorporating jet effects and applying the model to observational data to estimate outflow rates and flow geometry.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent accretion-ejection model including jet effects in the TCAF framework and applies it to real data to estimate outflow parameters.

Findings

Estimated mass outflow to inflow rate ratio of ~0.12

Identified hard and intermediate spectral states during outburst

Derived jet collimation factor of approximately 0.47

Abstract

Outflows are common in many astrophysical systems. In the Two Component Advective Flow ({\fontfamily{qcr}\selectfont TCAF}) paradigm which is essentially a generalized Bondi flow including rotation, viscosity and cooling effects, the outflow is originated from the hot, puffed up, post-shock region at the inner edge of the accretion disk. We consider this region to be the base of the jet carrying away matter with high velocity. In this paper, we study the spectral properties of black holes using {\fontfamily{qcr}\selectfont TCAF} which includes also a jet ({\fontfamily{qcr}\selectfont JeTCAF}) in the vertical direction of the disk plane. Soft photons from the Keplerian disk are up-scattered by the post-shock region as well as by the base of the jet and are emitted as hard radiation. We also include the bulk motion Comptonization effect by the diverging flow of jet. Our self-consistent accretion-ejection solution shows how the spectrum from the base of the jet varies with accretion rates, geometry of the flow and the collimation factor of the jet. We apply the solution to a jetted candidate GS\,1354-64 to estimate its mass outflow rate and the geometric configuration of the flow during 2015 outburst using {\it NuSTAR} observation. The estimated mass outflow to mass inflow rate is $0.12^{+0.02}_{-0.03}$. From the model fitted accretion rates, shock compression ratio and the energy spectral index, we identify the presence of hard and intermediate spectral states of the outburst. Our model fitted jet collimation factor ($f_{\rm col}$) is found to be $0.47^{+0.09}_{-0.09}$.