Cross-Referencing Method for Scalable Public Blockchain

TL;DR

This paper presents a cross-referencing method for public blockchains that enhances scalability and tamper resistance by enabling multiple domains to manage their own blockchains and exchange state information, achieving high transaction capacity and improved security.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel cross-referencing approach that allows scalable, tamper-resistant public blockchains across multiple domains, with theoretical analysis and capacity evaluation.

Findings

Transaction capacity can reach 56,000 TPS, comparable to VISA.

Tamper resistance increases with the number of domains, 3-10 times more resistant with 1,000 domains.

System scalability and security are balanced effectively through the proposed method.

Abstract

We previously proposed a cross-referencing method for enabling multiple peer-to-peer network domains to manage their own public blockchains and periodically exchanging the state of the latest fixed block in the blockchain with hysteresis signatures among all the domains via an upper network layer. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of our method from three theoretical viewpoints: decentralization, scalability, and tamper resistance. We show that the performance of the entire system can be improved because transactions and blocks are distributed only inside the domain. We argue that the transaction processing capacity will increase to 56,000 transactions per second, which is as much as that of a VISA credit card system. The capacity is also evaluated by multiplying the number of domains by the average reduction in transaction-processing time due to the increase in block size and reduction in the block-generation-time interval by domain partition. For tamper resistance, each domain has evidence of the hysteresis signatures of the other domains in the blockchain. We introduce two types of tamper-resistance-improvement ratios as evaluation measures of tamper resistance for a blockchain and theoretically explain how tamper resistance is improved using our cross-referencing method. With our method, tamper resistance improves as the number of domains increases. The proposed system of 1,000 domains are 3-10 times more tamper-resistant than that of 100 domains, and the capacity is 10 times higher. We conclude that our method enables a more scalable and tamper-resistant public blockchain balanced with decentralization.