Probing PeV scale SUSY-breaking with Satellite Galaxies and Primordial Gravitational Waves

TL;DR

This paper links PeV scale SUSY-breaking, early universe entropy production, and primordial gravitational waves, proposing that future GW observations can confirm or rule out these scenarios based on specific spectral features.

Contribution

It introduces a model-independent way to connect dwarf satellite galaxy counts, entropy production, and primordial gravitational wave spectra in PeV SUSY-breaking models.

Findings

Entropy production affects dwarf satellite galaxy numbers.

Suppression features in GW spectrum indicate PeV SUSY-breaking.

Future GW observations can confirm or exclude these models.

Abstract

We study an inevitable cosmological consequence in PeV scale SUSY-breaking scenarios. We focus on the SUSY-breaking scale corresponding to the gravitino mass $m_{3/2}=100{\rm eV}-1{\rm keV}$. We argue that the presence of an early matter-dominated era and the resulting entropy production are requisite for the Universe with this gravitino mass. We infer the model-independent minimum amount of the entropy production $\Delta$ by requiring that the number of dwarf satellite galaxies $N_{\rm sat}$ in the Milky Way exceed the currently observed value, i.e. $N_{\rm sat}\gtrsim63$. This entropy production is inevitably imprinted on the primordial gravitational waves (pGWs) produced during the inflationary era. We study how the information on the value of $\Delta$ and the time of entropy production are encoded in the pGW spectrum $\Omega_{\rm GW}$. If the future GW surveys observe a suppression feature in the pGW spectrum for the frequency range $\mathcal{O}(10^{-10}){\rm Hz}\lesssim f_{\rm GW}\lesssim\mathcal{O}(10^{-5}){\rm Hz}$, it works as a smoking gun for PeV SUSY-breaking scenarios. Even if they do not, our study can be used to rule out all such scenarios.