Characterizations of $\mathcal P$-like continua that do not have the fixed point property

TL;DR

This paper provides new geometric characterizations of $\

Contribution

It introduces geometric characterizations of $\

Findings

Characterizations in terms of open covers and fixed-point-free patterns.

Characterization of planar tree-like continua without the fixed point property.

Construction of finite sequences of tree-chains following fixed-point-free patterns.

Abstract

We give two characterizations of $\mathcal P$-like continua $X$ that do not have the fixed point property. Both characterizations are stated in terms of sequences of open covers of $X$ that follow fixed-point-free patterns. We use these to characterize planar tree-like continua that do not have the fixed point property in terms of infinite sequences of tree-chains in the plane that follow fixed-point-free patterns. We also establish a useful relationship between these tree-chains and commutative simplicial diagrams that we use later to construct a finite sequence (of any given length) of tree-chains in the plane that follows a fixed-point-free pattern. An earlier characterization of $\mathcal P$-like continua with the fixed point property was given in 1994 by Feuerbacher based on a 1963 result by Mioduszewski. The Mioduszewski-Feuerbacher characterization is expressed in terms of almost commutative inverse diagrams. In contrast, our approach is more geometric, and it may potentially lead to new methods in the elusive search for a planar tree-like continuum without the fixed-point property.