Two-way quantum communication using four-qubit cluster state: mutual exchange of quantum information

TL;DR

This paper proposes a scheme for two-way quantum communication using a four-qubit cluster state, emphasizing the importance of participant cooperation and correcting previous misconceptions about the entanglement-based transmission process.

Contribution

It demonstrates a correct method for two-way quantum information exchange with four-qubit cluster states, addressing and fixing errors in prior schemes.

Findings

Quantum information can be teleported between two parties using a four-qubit cluster state.

Successful exchange requires both parties to cooperate and perform non-local operations.

Without mutual cooperation, the information exchange cannot be achieved.

Abstract

In the present study, we have proposed a scheme for two-way quantum communication in which the two legitimate participants mutually exchange their quantum information to each other by using a four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel. Recently, by utilizing a four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel, Kazemikhah et al. [Int. J. Theor. Phys., 60 (2021) 378] tried to design a scheme for the mutual exchange of quantum information between two legitimate participants. However, in the present study, it has been shown that in their scheme the transmission of quantum information cannot be realized because the two participants are not entangled to each other due to a trivial conceptual mistake made by Kazemikhah et al. in the description of the quantum channel. Here, we have shown that two legitimate participants can teleport quantum information states to each other by using a four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel, provided they co-operate with each other and perform non-local controlled phase gate operation. If both participants do not co-operate with each other, then no one can reconstruct the information sent to them, and therefore the exchange of information is possible only when both participants are honest to each other.