About Standpoints for Surmounting Reversibility and Recurrence Paradoxes in Theoretical Thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper proposes new perspectives on the reversibility and recurrence paradoxes in thermodynamics, suggesting they can be addressed by focusing on observable quantities and internal system perspectives, thus clarifying entropy increase origins.

Contribution

It introduces novel standpoints that resolve longstanding paradoxes in thermodynamics by emphasizing observable results and internal system analysis.

Findings

Reversibility paradox can be overcome by considering observed quantities.

Recurrence paradox can be addressed by analyzing the system from inside.

Entropy increase is linked to microscopic particles spreading spontaneously.

Abstract

The reversibility and recurrence paradoxes are key issues that have been left unsolved in researches on the foundation of thermodynamics since the 19th century. This article shows that (1) the reversibility paradox can be overcome if we pay attention to observed quantities, which represent net results of the motion of a reversible character in the non-observable area and (2) the recurrence paradox can be surmounted if we look at an isolated system from the inside, in which there is no system with discrete energy levels. These arguments confirm the validity of the reported conclusion that the origin of the increase of entropy in an isolated system is the basic quality of microscopic particles of spontaneously spreading into every possible spatial area.