Logspace Reducibility From Secret Leakage Planted Clique

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the computational hardness of certain statistical problems can be transferred to space-efficient algorithms using secret leakage variants of the planted clique problem, expanding the understanding of computational hardness in space complexity.

Contribution

It introduces space-efficient randomized reductions for statistical problems via secret leakage variants of planted clique, enabling hardness transfer under space constraints.

Findings

Space-efficient reductions are possible using input as randomness.

Secret leakage variants facilitate these reductions.

Hardness transfer applies to Sparse PCA, submatrix detection, and k-wise independence testing.

Abstract

The planted clique problem is well-studied in the context of observing, explaining, and predicting interesting computational phenomena associated with statistical problems. When equating computational efficiency with the existence of polynomial time algorithms, the computational hardness of (some variant of) the planted clique problem can be used to infer the computational hardness of a host of other statistical problems. Is this ability to transfer computational hardness from (some variant of) the planted clique problem to other statistical problems robust to changing our notion of computational efficiency to space efficiency? We answer this question affirmatively for three different statistical problems, namely Sparse PCA, submatrix detection, and testing almost k-wise independence. The key challenge is that space efficient randomized reductions need to repeatedly access the randomness they use. Known reductions to these problems are all randomized and need polynomially many random bits to implement. Since we can not store polynomially many random bits in memory, it is unclear how to implement these existing reductions space efficiently. There are two ideas involved in circumventing this issue and implementing known reductions to these problems space efficiently. 1. When solving statistical problems, we can use parts of the input itself as randomness. 2. Secret leakage variants of the planted clique problem with appropriate secret leakage can be more useful than the standard planted clique problem when we want to use parts of the input as randomness. (abstract shortened due to arxiv constraints)