Independence, infinite dimension, and operators

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between operators on vector spaces and the linear independence of sequences, generalizing previous results using order-theory and model theory, and examining conditions under which certain operator-induced transformations preserve independence.

Contribution

It generalizes a known result about operators and independence using order-theory and model theory, and characterizes when transformations preserve linear independence in vector spaces.

Findings

Operator T sending e_n to e_{n+1} implies linear independence iff span is infinite-dimensional.

The condition T(e_i)=e_{phi(i)} preserves independence only if phi is conjugate to the successor function.

Proposes a generalization involving more complex conditions on phi, with potential future applications.

Abstract

In [Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 46(3):664-673, 2019], O. Christensen and M. Hasannasab observed that assuming the existence of an operator $T$ sending $e_n$ to $e_{n+1}$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$ (where $(e_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ is a sequence of vectors) guarantees that $(e_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ is linearly independent if and only if $\dim(\text{span}\{e_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}) = \infty$. In this article, we recover this result as a particular case of a general order-theory-based model-theoretic result. We then return to the context of vector spaces to show that, if we want to use a condition like $T(e_i)=e_{\phi(i)}$ for all $i \in I$ where $I$ is countable as a replacement of the previous one, the conclusion will only stay true if $\phi : I \to I$ is conjugate to the successor function $succ : n \mapsto n+1$ defined on $\mathbb{N}$. We finally prove a tentative generalization of the result, where we replace the condition $T(e_i)=e_{\phi(i)}$ for all $i \in I$ where $\phi$ is conjugate to the successor function with a more sophisticated one, and to which we have not managed to find a new application yet.