A Map of Diffuse Radio Emission at 182 MHz to Enhance Epoch of Reionization Observations in the Southern Hemisphere

TL;DR

This paper presents a detailed polarized diffuse radio emission map at 167-198 MHz covering 11,000 sq. deg. of the Southern Hemisphere, aiming to improve calibration for Epoch of Reionization experiments.

Contribution

It provides the first large-scale, broadband polarized emission map that enhances visibility simulation and calibration accuracy for EoR observations.

Findings

Map covers 11,000 sq. deg. of the Southern Hemisphere

Diffuse emission is mostly unpolarized with polarized structures near RA=0h

Accuracy of short baseline calibration now comparable to longer baselines

Abstract

We present a broadband map of polarized diffuse emission at 167-198 MHz developed from data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The map is designed to improve visibility simulation and precision calibration for 21 cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiments. It covers a large swath - 11,000 sq. deg. - of the Southern Hemisphere sky in all four Stokes parameters and captures emission on angular scales of 1 to 9 degrees. The band-averaged diffuse structure is predominantly unpolarized but has significant linearly polarized structure near RA = 0 h. We evaluate the accuracy of the map by combining it with the GLEAM catalog and simulating an observation from the MWA, demonstrating that the accuracy of the short baselines (6.1-50 wavelengths) now approaches the accuracy of the longer baselines typically used for EoR calibration. We discuss how to use the map for visibility simulation for a variety of interferometric arrays. The map has potential to improve calibration accuracy for experiments such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) as well as the MWA.