Tuning Elastic Waves in Soft Phononic Crystal Cylinders via Large Deformation and Electromechanical Coupling

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how large deformation and electric fields can be used to tune wave propagation in a soft dielectric phononic crystal cylinder, enabling adaptive control of band gaps for flexible structures.

Contribution

It introduces a novel soft dielectric phononic crystal design that utilizes combined mechanical and electrical stimuli for wave tuning, with exact nonlinear electroelastic analysis.

Findings

Effective wave tunability demonstrated through numerical examples.

Significant band gap control achieved compared to traditional hard piezoelectric PCs.

Analytical dispersion relations derived for pre-deformed configurations.

Abstract

Soft electroactive materials can undergo large deformation subjected to either mechanical or electrical stimulus, and hence they can be excellent candidates for designing extremely flexible and adaptive structures and devices. This paper proposes a simple one-dimensional soft phononic crystal cylinder made of dielectric elastomer to show how large deformation and electric field can be used jointly to tune the longitudinal waves propagating in the PC. A series of soft electrodes are placed periodically along the dielectric elastomer cylinder, and hence the material can be regarded as uniform in the undeformed state. This is also the case for the uniformly pre-stretched state induced by a static axial force only. The effective periodicity of the structure is then achieved through two loading paths, i.e. by maintaining the longitudinal stretch and applying an electric voltage over any two neighbouring electrodes, or by holding the axial force and applying the voltage. All physical field variables for both configurations can be determined exactly based on the nonlinear theory of electroelasticity. An infinitesimal wave motion is further superimposed on the pre-deformed configurations and the corresponding dispersion equations are derived analytically by invoking the linearized theory for incremental motions. Numerical examples are finally considered to show the tunability of wave propagation behavior in the soft PC cylinder. The outstanding performance regarding the band gap (BG) property of the proposed soft dielectric PC is clearly demonstrated by comparing with the conventional design adopting the hard piezoelectric material. Note that soft dielectric PCs are susceptible to various kinds of failure (buckling, electromechanical instability, electric breakdown, etc.), imposing corresponding limits on the external stimuli.