Anisotropic neutrinos and gravitational waves from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows in fallback core-collapse supernovae

TL;DR

This study models fallback accretion in core-collapse supernovae leading to black holes, predicting anisotropic neutrino and gravitational wave signals that could be detected to inform supernova and progenitor star properties.

Contribution

It introduces a simulation framework linking fallback processes to neutrino and gravitational wave emissions in black hole-forming supernovae.

Findings

Neutrino and GW signals depend on initial explosion energy, progenitor mass, and metallicity.

Predicted signals could be detected by current or future multimessenger observatories.

Joint detection can constrain supernova explosion mechanisms and progenitor characteristics.

Abstract

Fallback in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) plays an important role in determining the properties of the central compact remnants, which might produce a black hole (BH) hyperaccretion system in the centre of a massive CCSN. When the accretion rate is extremely high and neutrino cooling is dominant, the hyperaccretion should be in the phase of the neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs), and thus a large number of anisotropic MeV neutrinos will be launched from the disc along with the strong gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we perform a series of one-dimensional CCSN simulations with the initial explosion energy in the range of $2-8$ B (1 B = $10^{51}$ erg) to investigate the fallback processes. By considering the evolution of the central BH mass and spin in the fallback accretion, we present the effects of the initial explosion energies, masses and metallicities of the massive progenitor stars on the spectra of anisotropic MeV neutrinos and the waveform of GWs from NDAFs. These neutrino or GW signals might be detected by operational or future detectors, and the multimessenger joint detections could constrain the properties of CCSNe and progenitor stars.