Individual crop loads provide local control for collective food intake in ant colonies

TL;DR

This study reveals how individual crop loads in ants regulate collective food intake through local interactions, without requiring ants to assess the colony’s overall state, highlighting a distributed control mechanism.

Contribution

We demonstrate that individual crop loads mediate food flow and foraging frequency, providing new insight into decentralized nutritional regulation in ant colonies.

Findings

Crop loads control food flow rates between ants.

Crop loads influence foraging trip frequency.

Food intake regulation emerges without global colony assessment.

Abstract

Nutritional regulation by ants emerges from a distributed process: food is collected by a small fraction of workers, stored within the crops of individuals, and spreads via local ant-to-ant interactions. The precise individual level underpinnings of this collective regulation have remained unclear mainly due to difficulties in measuring food within ants crops. Here we image fluorescent liquid food in individually tagged Camponotus sanctus ants, and track the real-time food flow from foragers to their gradually satiating colonies. We show how the feedback between colony satiation level and food inflow is mediated by individual crop loads; specifically, the crop loads of recipient ants control food flow rates, while those of foragers regulate the frequency of foraging trips. Interestingly, these effects do not rise from pure physical limitations of crop capacity. Our findings suggest that the emergence of food intake regulation does not require individual foragers to assess the global state of the colony.