Structure and morphology of the MATLAS dwarf galaxies and their central nuclei

TL;DR

This study analyzes the structure and morphology of 2210 dwarf galaxies from the MATLAS survey, revealing similarities across environments and insights into nucleus properties and formation scenarios.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive photometric and morphological analysis of dwarf galaxies in low to moderate density environments, including a new catalog of their properties.

Findings

Dwarfs show structural property ranges similar to those in clusters and the Local Group.

Dwarfs are as red as cluster dwarfs on average, regardless of environment.

Nuclei are mostly in bright, massive, and round dwarfs, with no clear color relation to the host galaxy.

Abstract

We present a photometric study of the dwarf galaxy population in the low to moderate density environments of the MATLAS (Mass Assembly of early-Type gaLAxies with their fine Structures) deep imaging survey. The sample consists of 2210 dwarfs, including 508 nucleated. We define a nucleus as a compact source that is close to the galaxy photocentre (within 0.5 $R_e$) which is also the brightest such source within the galaxy's effective radius. The morphological analysis is performed using a 2D surface brightness profile modelling on the g-band images of both the galaxies and nuclei. Our study reveals that, for similar luminosities, the MATLAS dwarfs show ranges in the distribution of structural properties comparable to cluster (Virgo and Fornax) dwarfs and a range of sizes comparable to the Local Group and Local Volume dwarfs. Colour measurements using the r- and i-band images indicate that the dwarfs in low and moderate density environments are as red as cluster dwarfs on average. The observed similarities between dwarf ellipticals in vastly different environments imply that dEs are not uniquely the product of morphological transformation due to ram-pressure stripping and galaxy harassment in high density environments. We measure that the dwarf nuclei are located predominantly in massive, bright and round dwarfs and observe fewer nuclei in dwarfs with a faint centre and a small size. The colour of the galaxy nucleus shows no clear relation to the colour of the dwarf, in agreement with the migration and wet migration nucleus formation scenarios. The catalogues of the MATLAS dwarfs photometric and structural properties are provided.