Direct measurement capabilities of in situ water density

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new approach to directly measure seawater density and temperature in situ using vibration, hydrostatic, and acoustic density meters, including a novel acoustic density meter design and its operational algorithm.

Contribution

It introduces a new thermodynamic approach and a novel acoustic density meter with an operational algorithm for in situ seawater measurements.

Findings

Design of a new acoustic density meter

Feasibility of direct in situ measurements

Operational algorithm for the new device

Abstract

Taking into account the new approach to the thermodynamics of seawater, it is proposed to carry out direct measurements of density and temperature in situ. The possibilities of vibration, hydrostatic and acoustic density meters are considered. The design of a new acoustic density meter is proposed and an algorithm for its operation is presented.