The Future of Solar Neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper reviews the current understanding of solar neutrinos, covering oscillations, models, measurements, and future experiments, highlighting open questions and recent advances in the field.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of solar neutrino research, including recent developments, unresolved issues, and prospects for future experimental and theoretical work.

Findings

Current solar models have uncertainties related to solar composition.

Experimental measurements of solar neutrino fluxes have improved but still face challenges.

Future experiments aim to resolve open questions about neutrino properties and solar physics.

Abstract

In this article we review the current state of the field of solar neutrinos, including flavour oscillations, non-standard effects, solar models, cross section measurements, and the broad experimental program thus motivated and enabled. We discuss the historical discoveries that contributed to current knowledge, and define critical open questions to be addressed in the next decade. We discuss the state of the art of standard solar models, including uncertainties and problems related to the solar composition, and review experimental and model solar neutrino fluxes, including future prospects. We review the state of the art of the nuclear reaction data relevant for solar fusion in the proton-proton chain and carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle. Finally, we review the current and future experimental program that can address outstanding questions in this field.