Riesz transform for a flow Laplacian on homogeneous trees

TL;DR

This paper establishes the full range of $L^p$-boundedness for the Riesz transform associated with the flow Laplacian on homogeneous trees, extending previous results and exploring related horizontal transforms with additional bounds.

Contribution

It proves $L^p$-boundedness for all $p eq ext{infinity}$, including a negative endpoint result, and introduces horizontal Riesz transforms with weak $(1,1)$ bounds, in a non-doubling, exponential growth setting.

Findings

Proves $L^p$-boundedness for $p eq ext{infinity}$.

Establishes a negative endpoint result at $p=\infty$.

Demonstrates weak $(1,1)$ bounds for horizontal Riesz transforms.

Abstract

We prove the $L^p$-boundedness, for $p \in (1,\infty)$, of the first order Riesz transform associated to the flow Laplacian on a homogeneous tree with the canonical flow measure. This result was previously proved to hold for $p \in (1,2]$ by Hebisch and Steger, but their approach does not extend to $p>2$ as we make clear by proving a negative endpoint result for $p = \infty$ for such operator. We also consider a class of ``horizontal Riesz transforms'' corresponding to differentiation along horocycles, which inherit all the boundedness properties of the Riesz transform associated to the flow Laplacian, but for which we are also able to prove a weak type $(1,1)$ bound for the adjoint operators, in the spirit of the work by Gaudry and Sj\"ogren in the continuous setting. The homogeneous tree with the canonical flow measure is a model case of a measure-metric space which is nondoubling, of exponential growth, does not satisfy the Cheeger isoperimetric inequality, and where the Laplacian does not have spectral gap.