Observation of quasi-ballistic thermal transport of surface phonon-polaritons over hundreds of micrometres

TL;DR

This study experimentally demonstrates that surface phonon-polaritons can conduct heat quasi-ballistically over hundreds of micrometres in nanomembranes, surpassing traditional phonon limits and enhancing thermal management in nanomaterials.

Contribution

First experimental evidence of long-distance heat transport by surface phonon-polaritons over hundreds of micrometres in dielectric nanomembranes.

Findings

Thermal conductivity increases with temperature in thin membranes.

Heat conduction by SPhPs is quasi-ballistic over at least hundreds of micrometres.

SPhPs can significantly improve heat dissipation in polar nanostructures.

Abstract

Long-distance propagation of heat carriers is essential for efficient heat dissipation in microelectronics. However, in dielectric nanomaterials, the primary heat carriers - phonons - can propagate ballistically only for hundreds of nanometres, which limits their heat conduction efficiency. Theory predicts that surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) can overcome this limitation and conduct heat without dissipation for hundreds of micrometres. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate such long-distance heat transport by SPhPs. Using the 3$\omega$ technique, we measure the in-plane thermal conductivity of SiN nanomembranes for different heater-sensor distances (100 and 200 $\mu$m), membrane thicknesses (30 - 200 nm), and temperatures (300 - 400 K). We find that in contrast with thick membranes, thin nanomembranes support heat conduction by SPhPs, as evidenced by an increase in the thermal conductivity with temperature. Remarkably, the thermal conductivity measured 200 $\mu$m away from the heater are consistently higher than that measured 100 $\mu$m closer. This result suggests that heat conduction by SPhPs is quasi-ballistic over at least hundreds of micrometres. Thus, our findings show that SPhPs can enhance heat dissipation in polar nanomembranes and find applications in thermal management, near-field radiation, and polaritonics.