EC 22536-5304: a lead-rich and metal-poor long-period binary

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and detailed analysis of EC 22536-5304, a binary system with a hot subdwarf star enriched in lead and a metal-poor F-type companion, providing insights into binary evolution and mass transfer in low-metallicity environments.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed characterization of a long-period, lead-rich hot subdwarf binary with a metal-poor companion, informing models of binary interaction and stellar evolution.

Findings

Lead abundance in the hot subdwarf is +6.3 dex relative to solar.

The binary has an orbital period of about 457 days.

The system is part of the Galactic halo or metal-weak thick disc.

Abstract

Helium-burning hot subdwarf stars of spectral types O and B (sdO/B) are thought to be produced through various types of binary interaction. The helium-rich hot subdwarf star EC22536-5304 was recently found to be extremely enriched in lead. Here, we show that EC22536-5304 is a binary star with a metal-poor subdwarf F-type (sdF) companion. We have performed a detailed analysis of high-resolution SALT/HRS and VLT/UVES spectra, deriving metal abundances for the hot subdwarf, as well as atmospheric parameters for both components. Because we consider the contribution of the sdF star, the derived lead abundance for the sdOB, +6.3 +/- 0.3 dex relative to solar, is even higher than previously thought. We derive Teff = 6210 +/- 70 K, log g = 4.64 +/- 0.10, [Fe/H] = -1.95 +/- 0.04, and [$\alpha$/Fe] = +0.40 +/- 0.04 for the sdF component. Radial velocity variations, although poorly sampled at present, indicate that the binary system has a long orbital period of about 457 days. This suggests that the system was likely formed through stable Roche lobe overflow (RLOF). A kinematic analysis shows that EC22536-5304 is on an eccentric orbit around the Galactic centre. This, as well as the low metallicity and strong alpha-enhancement of the sdF-type companion, indicate that EC22536-5304 is part of the Galactic halo or metal-weak thick disc. As the first long-period hot subdwarf binary below about [Fe/H] = -1, EC22536-5304 may help to constrain the RLOF mechanism for mass transfer from low-mass, low-metallicity red giant branch (RGB) stars to main-sequence companions.