INMO: A Model-Agnostic and Scalable Module for Inductive Collaborative Filtering

TL;DR

This paper introduces INMO, a scalable, model-agnostic module for collaborative filtering that generates inductive embeddings, enabling better handling of new users and items while reducing model complexity.

Contribution

The paper proposes INMO, a novel inductive embedding module that can be integrated with existing models to improve scalability and inductive capabilities in collaborative filtering.

Findings

INMO improves recommendation accuracy in inductive scenarios.

INMO reduces the number of model parameters significantly.

Experiments show INMO's effectiveness on multiple benchmarks.

Abstract

Collaborative filtering is one of the most common scenarios and popular research topics in recommender systems. Among existing methods, latent factor models, i.e., learning a specific embedding for each user/item by reconstructing the observed interaction matrix, have shown excellent performances. However, such user-specific and item-specific embeddings are intrinsically transductive, making it difficult to deal with new users and new items unseen during training. Besides, the number of model parameters heavily depends on the number of all users and items, restricting its scalability to real-world applications. To solve the above challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel model-agnostic and scalable Inductive Embedding Module for collaborative filtering, namely INMO. INMO generates the inductive embeddings for users (items) by characterizing their interactions with some template items (template users), instead of employing an embedding lookup table. Under the theoretical analysis, we further propose an effective indicator for the selection of template users/items. Our proposed INMO can be attached to existing latent factor models as a pre-module, inheriting the expressiveness of backbone models, while bringing the inductive ability and reducing model parameters. We validate the generality of INMO by attaching it to both Matrix Factorization (MF) and LightGCN, which are two representative latent factor models for collaborative filtering. Extensive experiments on three public benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of INMO in both transductive and inductive recommendation scenarios.