Hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during thoracic endovascular aortic repair

TL;DR

This study uses computational fluid dynamics to analyze how the introducer sheath used in thoracic endovascular aortic repair affects blood flow and potentially increases risks like thrombosis and complications.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed hemodynamic analysis of the introducer sheath's effects during TEVAR using idealized aortic models.

Findings

Blood flow to supra-aortic branches increases by over 9%.

Regions with high ECAP potential expand, indicating higher thrombosis risk.

Pressure peaks rise during systole, affecting hemodynamics.

Abstract

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the standard treatment of a variety of aortic pathologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during TEVAR. Three idealized representative diseased aortas of aortic aneurysm, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic dissection were designed. Computational fluid dynamics studies were performed in the above idealized aortic geometries. An introducer sheath routinely used in the clinic was virtually-delivered into diseased aortas. Comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the introducer sheath. Results show that the blood flow to the supra-aortic branches would increase above 9% due to the obstruction of the introducer sheath. The region exposed to high endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) expands in the scenarios of coarctation of the aorta and aortic dissection, which indicates that the probability of thrombus formation may increase during TEVAR. The pressure magnitude in peak systole shows an obvious rise and a similar phenomenon is not observed in early diastole. The blood viscosity in the aortic arch and descending aorta is remarkably altered by the introducer sheath. The uneven viscosity distribution confirms the necessity of using non-Newtonian models and high viscosity region with high ECAP further promotes thrombosis. Our results highlight the hemodynamic effects of stent-graft introducer sheath during TEVAR, which may associate with perioperative complications.