Warm Magnets

TL;DR

Warm magnets operate at ambient temperatures using soft steel yokes and conductive or permanent coils, serving as essential components in accelerators and beam transfer systems for decades.

Contribution

This paper provides an overview of warm magnet design, materials, and applications in accelerator technology.

Findings

Warm magnets are the standard in accelerator applications.

They utilize soft steel yokes and copper, aluminium, or permanent magnets.

They have been the workhorse in accelerators for decades.

Abstract

Warm magnets are magnets that function in normal ambient temperature conditions. These types are mostly using a soft steel yoke for field amplification and either Copper or Aluminium coils or permanent magnets to generate the field. Magnets powered with such normal-conducting coils are often also called classical, iron dominated or resistive magnets. Since decades these types of magnets are the workhorse for most linear and circular accelerators and beam transfer lines.