Network-Coded Cooperative LoRa Network with D2D Communication

TL;DR

This paper evaluates a network-coded cooperative LoRa network with D2D communication, demonstrating significant improvements in outage probability and energy efficiency over traditional LoRa networks.

Contribution

It introduces NCC-LoRa, a novel scheme using network-coded cooperation with D2D, enhancing performance metrics in LoRa networks.

Findings

NCC-LoRa reduces outage probability significantly.

Energy efficiency is improved despite additional D2D consumption.

Performance gains are evident even under realistic power models.

Abstract

We evaluate the outage probability and the energy efficiency (EE) of a LoRa network when the end-devices (EDs) are capable of exchanging messages with a device-to-device (D2D) technology. Our proposal is to assess the performance of the network when operating under the concept of network-coded cooperation (NCC), where the EDs are capable of transmitting linear combinations of more than one frame (including frames of another ED), performed over a non-binary finite field. We consider both connection and collision probabilities when modelling the outage probability of an ED, as well as a realistic power consumption model to evaluate the EE. Our results indicate that the proposed scheme, which we refer to as NCC-LoRa, provides considerable gains in terms of both outage probability and EE when compared to a regular LoRa network, even when considering the additional consumption of D2D communication.