Instability of the charged massive scalar field on the Kerr-Newman black hole spacetime

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the quasibound states and instabilities of charged massive scalar fields around Kerr-Newman black holes using a novel analytical approach, providing insights into particle dynamics near supermassive black holes.

Contribution

It introduces a new method employing polynomial conditions of Heun functions to compute resonant frequencies and eigenfunctions of charged scalar fields in Kerr-Newman spacetime.

Findings

Calculated resonant frequencies and eigenfunctions for quasibound states.

Demonstrated instability of charged scalar fields in the black hole background.

Applied results to estimate particle growth and decay times near supermassive black holes.

Abstract

We investigate the quasibound states of charged massive scalar fields in the Kerr-Newman black hole spacetime by using a new approach recently developed, which uses the polynomial conditions of the Heun functions. We calculate the resonant frequencies related to the spectrum of quasibound states, as well as its corresponding angular and radial wave eigenfunctions. We also analyze the instability of the system. These results are particularized to the cases of Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes. Additionally, we compare our analytical results with the numerical ones known in the literature. Finally, we apply the obtained results to compute the characteristic times of growth and decay of bosonic particles around a supermassive black hole situated at the center of the M87 galaxy.