The MAVERIC Survey: Simultaneous Chandra and VLA observations of the transitional millisecond pulsar candidate NGC 6652B

TL;DR

This study presents multi-wavelength observations of NGC 6652B, a candidate transitional millisecond pulsar, revealing variable X-ray and optical behaviour, persistent radio emission, and flaring activity, suggesting it is in a transitional state.

Contribution

First simultaneous radio, X-ray, and optical observations of NGC 6652B, providing new insights into its variable behaviour and candidate transitional millisecond pulsar status.

Findings

NGC 6652B shows X-ray flares and persistent radio emission.

Optical spectra reveal variable H alpha emission transitioning from double-peaked to absorption.

No clear anti-correlation between radio and X-ray variability was observed.

Abstract

Transitional millisecond pulsars are millisecond pulsars that switch between a rotation-powered millisecond pulsar state and an accretion-powered X-ray binary state, and are thought to be an evolutionary stage between neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries and millisecond pulsars. So far, only three confirmed systems have been identified in addition to a handful of candidates. We present the results of a multi-wavelength study of the low-mass X-ray binary NGC 6652B in the globular cluster NGC 6652, including simultaneous radio and X-ray observations taken by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and optical spectroscopy and photometry. This source is the second brightest X-ray source in NGC 6652 ($L_{\textrm{X}}\sim1.8\times10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$) and is known to be variable. We observe several X-ray flares over the duration of our X-ray observations, in addition to persistent radio emission and occasional radio flares. Simultaneous radio and X-ray data show no clear evidence of anti-correlated variability. Optical spectra of NGC 6652B indicate variable, broad H $\alpha$ emission which transitions from double-peaked emission to absorption over a time-scale of hours. We consider a variety of possible explanations for the source behaviour, and conclude that based on the radio and X-ray luminosities, short time-scale variability and X-ray flaring, and optical spectra, NGC 6652B is best explained as a transitional millisecond pulsar candidate that displays prolonged X-ray flaring behaviour. However, this could only be confirmed with observations of a change to the rotation-powered millisecond pulsar state.