Multimessenger Analysis Strategy for Core-Collapse Supernova Search: Gravitational Waves and Low-energy Neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper develops a multimessenger strategy combining gravitational wave and low-energy neutrino data to improve detection prospects of core-collapse supernovae, demonstrating increased detection efficiency and probability.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multi-messenger approach that enhances supernova detection by integrating neutrino and gravitational wave observations, optimizing detection efficiency and probability.

Findings

Neutrino detection efficiency improves by at least 10% using the proposed method.

Combined GW and neutrino analysis increases detection probability from 0% to ~33% at 60 kpc.

The strategy enhances the potential for multimessenger supernova detection.

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae are fascinating astrophysical objects for multimessenger studies. Gravitational waves (GWs) are expected to play a role in the supernova explosion mechanism, but their modelling is also challenging due to the stochastic nature of the dynamics and the vast possible progenitors, and moreover, the GW detection from these objects is still elusive with the already advanced detectors. Low-energy neutrinos will be emitted enormously during the core-collapse explosion and can help for the gravitational wave counterpart search. In this work we develop a multi-messenger strategy to search for such astrophysical objects by exploiting a global network of both low-energy neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. First, we discuss how to improve the detection potential of the neutrino sub-network by exploiting the temporal behaviour of a neutrino burst from a core-collapse supernova. We show that with the proposed approach neutrino detectors can gain at least $10\%$ of detection efficiency at the distance where their efficiency drops. Then, we combine the information provided by GW and neutrino in a multimessenger strategy. In particular, we obtain an increase of the probability to detect the GW signal from a CCSN at $60$ kpc from zero when using only GW analysis to $\sim 33\%$ with our combined GW-$\nu$ approach. Keywords: multimessenger, supernova, core-collapse, low-energy neutrino, gravitational wave.