Evaluation of the in-situ Performance of Neutron Detectors based on EJ-426 Scintillator Screens for Spent Fuel Characterization

TL;DR

This study evaluates the long-term in-situ performance of EJ-426 neutron detectors near spent nuclear fuel, demonstrating their durability and degradation mechanisms under high radiation and gamma exposure over eight months.

Contribution

First comprehensive in-situ assessment of EJ-426 scintillator-based neutron detectors in a spent fuel environment over extended periods.

Findings

Detectors operated reliably for eight months in high gamma and neutron flux.

Detection sensitivity degraded to about 30%, mainly due to optical and electronic component damage.

Adjusting PMT high voltage partially restored detection capabilities.

Abstract

The reliable detection of neutrons in a harsh gamma-ray environment is an important aspect of establishing non-destructive methods for the characterization of spent nuclear fuel. In this study, we present results from extended in-situ monitoring of detector systems consisting of commercially available components: EJ-426, a $^6$Li-enriched solid-state scintillator material sensitive to thermal neutrons, and two different types of Hamamatsu photomultiplier tubes (PMT). Over the period of eight months, these detectors were operated in close vicinity to spent nuclear fuel stored at the interim storage facility CLAB, Oskarshamn, Sweden. At the measurement position the detectors were continuously exposed to an estimated neutron flux of approx. 280 n/s $\cdot$ cm$^2$ and a gamma-ray dose rate of approx. 6 Sv/h. Using offline software algorithms, neutron pulses were identified in the data. Over the entire investigated dose range of up to 35 kGr, the detector systems were functioning and were delivering detectable neutron signals. Their performance as measured by the number of identified neutrons degrades down to about 30% of the initial value. Investigations of the irradiated components suggest that this degradation is a result of reduced optical transparency of the involved materials as well as a reduction of PMT gain due to the continuous high currents. Increasing the gain of the PMT through step-ups of the applied high voltage allowed to partially compensate for this loss in detection sensitivity. The integrated neutron fluence during the measurement was experimentally verified to be in the order of $5 \cdot 10^9$ n/cm$^2$. The results were interpreted with the help of MCNP6.2 simulations of the setup and the neutron flux.