Adaptive 3D descattering with a dynamic synthesis network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a dynamic synthesis network (DSN) that adaptively combines multiple expert models to improve 3D image recovery in scattering media, demonstrating robust performance across diverse conditions.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel adaptive learning framework with a mixture of experts architecture that dynamically synthesizes networks for scattering condition generalization.

Findings

DSN generalizes across a continuum of scattering conditions

Training on simulated data enables robust experimental 3D descattering

The approach can be applied to other imaging tasks in scattering media

Abstract

Deep learning has been broadly applied to imaging in scattering applications. A common framework is to train a descattering network for image recovery by removing scattering artifacts. To achieve the best results on a broad spectrum of scattering conditions, individual "expert" networks need to be trained for each condition. However, the expert's performance sharply degrades when the testing condition differs from the training. An alternative brute-force approach is to train a "generalist" network using data from diverse scattering conditions. It generally requires a larger network to encapsulate the diversity in the data and a sufficiently large training set to avoid overfitting. Here, we propose an adaptive learning framework, termed dynamic synthesis network (DSN), which dynamically adjusts the model weights and adapts to different scattering conditions. The adaptability is achieved by a novel "mixture of experts" architecture that enables dynamically synthesizing a network by blending multiple experts using a gating network. We demonstrate the DSN in holographic 3D particle imaging for a variety of scattering conditions. We show in simulation that our DSN provides generalization across a continuum of scattering conditions. In addition, we show that by training the DSN entirely on simulated data, the network can generalize to experiments and achieve robust 3D descattering. We expect the same concept can find many other applications, such as denoising and imaging in scattering media. Broadly, our dynamic synthesis framework opens up a new paradigm for designing highly adaptive deep learning and computational imaging techniques.