GRMHD simulations of BH activation by small scale magnetic loops: Formation of striped jets and active coronae

TL;DR

This paper uses GRMHD simulations to explore how small scale magnetic loops activate Kerr black holes, leading to striped jets, dynamic accretion states, and energetic phenomena near the horizon, with implications for observed emissions.

Contribution

It demonstrates that large enough magnetic loops can produce powerful striped jets and reveals cyclic accretion behavior affecting observable features.

Findings

Formation of quasi-striped jets with significant power is possible with large magnetic loops.

Accretion exhibits cyclic behavior, alternating between high and quenched states.

Current sheets and plasmoids form during jet activity transitions.

Abstract

We have performed a series of numerical experiments aimed at studying the activation of Kerr black holes (BHs) by advection of small scale magnetic fields. Such configurations may potentially give rise to the formation of quasi-striped Blandford-Znajek jets. It can also lead to enhanced dissipation and generation of plasmoids in current sheets formed in the vicinity of the BH horizon, which may constitute a mechanism to power the hard X-ray emission seen in many accreting BH systems (a la lamppost models). Our analysis suggests that formation of quasi-striped jets with significant power may be possible provided loops with alternating polarity having sizes larger than $\sim 10 r_g$ or so can be maintained (either form sporadically or advected from outside) at a radius $\lesssim 10^2 r_g$. This conclusion is consistent with recent results of general relativistic force-free simulations. We also find that the accretion dynamics exhibits cyclic behaviour in MAD states, alternating between high accretion phases and quenched accretion phases during which the magnetosphere becomes force-free out to radii $\gtrsim 10r_g$. We suggest that such a behaviour should lead to notable variations of the observed luminosity and image of the inner disc (BH shadow image). Finally, we find that the transition between accreted loops on the BH gives rise to the formation of current sheets and energetic plasmoids on the jet boundary during intermittent periods when the jet becomes inactive, in addition to an equatorial current sheet that forms during peaks in the jet activity.