Phase-Programmable Gaussian Boson Sampling Using Stimulated Squeezed Light

TL;DR

This paper reports a scalable, phase-programmable Gaussian boson sampling experiment with stimulated squeezed light, demonstrating high-dimensional quantum sampling that surpasses classical simulation capabilities and validates nonclassicality.

Contribution

Introduces a new high-brightness, scalable quantum light source using stimulated squeezed photons and a programmable GBS setup with phase tuning, advancing quantum computational advantage demonstrations.

Findings

Achieved up to 113 detection events in a 144-mode circuit.

Validated nonclassicality using an inequality and high-order correlations.

Sampled at a rate 10^24 times faster than classical supercomputers.

Abstract

The tantalizing promise of quantum computational speedup in solving certain problems has been strongly supported by recent experimental evidence from a high-fidelity 53-qubit superconducting processor1 and Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) with up to 76 detected photons. Analogous to the increasingly sophisticated Bell tests that continued to refute local hidden variable theories, quantum computational advantage tests are expected to provide increasingly compelling experimental evidence against the Extended Church-Turing thesis. In this direction, continued competition between upgraded quantum hardware and improved classical simulations is required. Here, we report a new GBS experiment that produces up to 113 detection events out of a 144-mode photonic circuit. We develop a new high-brightness and scalable quantum light source, exploring the idea of stimulated squeezed photons, which has simultaneously near-unity purity and efficiency. This GBS is programmable by tuning the phase of the input squeezed states. We demonstrate a new method to efficiently validate the samples by inferring from computationally friendly subsystems, which rules out hypotheses including distinguishable photons and thermal states. We show that our noisy GBS experiment passes the nonclassicality test using an inequality, and we reveal non-trivial genuine high-order correlation in the GBS samples, which are evidence of robustness against possible classical simulation schemes. The photonic quantum computer, Jiuzhang 2.0, yields a Hilbert space dimension up to $10^{43}$, and a sampling rate $10^{24}$ faster than using brute-force simulation on supercomputers.