Multitask Learning for Scalable and Dense Multilayer Bayesian Map Inference

TL;DR

This paper introduces a flexible multitask Bayesian mapping framework that integrates multiple environmental layers into a single map, leveraging deep neural networks and scalable inference for richer robotic perception.

Contribution

It presents a novel multitask multilayer Bayesian mapping framework with extendable attribute layers and a scalable inference method, enabling richer and more efficient environmental mapping for robots.

Findings

Reliable dense mapping in various environments

Automatic generation of traversability labels from sensory data

Scalable Bayesian inference with logarithmic complexity

Abstract

This article presents a novel and flexible multitask multilayer Bayesian mapping framework with readily extendable attribute layers. The proposed framework goes beyond modern metric-semantic maps to provide even richer environmental information for robots in a single mapping formalism while exploiting intralayer and interlayer correlations. It removes the need for a robot to access and process information from many separate maps when performing a complex task, advancing the way robots interact with their environments. To this end, we design a multitask deep neural network with attention mechanisms as our front-end to provide heterogeneous observations for multiple map layers simultaneously. Our back-end runs a scalable closed-form Bayesian inference with only logarithmic time complexity. We apply the framework to build a dense robotic map including metric-semantic occupancy and traversability layers. Traversability ground truth labels are automatically generated from exteroceptive sensory data in a self-supervised manner. We present extensive experimental results on publicly available datasets and data collected by a 3D bipedal robot platform and show reliable mapping performance in different environments. Finally, we also discuss how the current framework can be extended to incorporate more information such as friction, signal strength, temperature, and physical quantity concentration using Gaussian map layers. The software for reproducing the presented results or running on customized data is made publicly available.