TL;DR
This review explores the biophysical mechanisms behind blastocoel formation in animal embryos, highlighting diverse processes and proposing new research directions from an evolutionary and physical perspective.
Contribution
It offers a comprehensive overview of blastocoel morphogenesis mechanisms based on biological and physical principles, emphasizing the importance of a continuum approach.
Findings
Diverse mechanisms underlie blastocoel formation
Physical principles can explain key morphogenetic processes
New research directions proposed for evolutionary and biophysical studies
Abstract
The blastocoel is a fluid-filled cavity characteristic of animal embryos at the blastula stage. Its emergence is commonly described as the result of cleavage patterning, but this historical view conceals a large diversity of mechanisms and overlooks many unsolved questions from a biophysics perspective. In this review, we describe generic mechanisms for blastocoel morphogenesis, rooted in biological literature and simple physical principles. We propose novel directions of study and emphasize the importance to study blastocoel morphogenesis as an evolutionary and physical continuum.
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