Resonant multigap superconductivity at room temperature near a Lifshitz topological transition in sulfur hydrides

TL;DR

This paper proposes a multigap superconductivity mechanism near a Lifshitz transition in sulfur hydrides, explaining the high critical temperature through quantum resonances in a nanoscale heterostructure, guiding room temperature superconductor design.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical model of multicomponent superconductivity driven by Fano-Feshbach resonances in pressurized sulfur hydrides, explaining Tc enhancement near a Lifshitz transition.

Findings

Superconducting dome shaped by Lifshitz parameter and electron-phonon coupling.

Resonance between multiple superconducting gaps enhances Tc.

First-principles calculations support the multigap superconductivity mechanism.

Abstract

The maximum critical temperature for superconductivity in pressurized hydrides appears at the top of superconducting domes in Tc versus pressure curves at a particular pressure, which is not predicted by standard superconductivity theories. The a high-order anisotropic van Hove singularity near the Fermi level observed in band structure calculations of pressurized sulfur hydride, typical of a supermetal, has been associated with the array of metallic hydrogen wires modules forming a nanoscale heterostructure at atomic limit called superstripes phase. Here we propose that pressurized sulfur hydrides behave as a heterostructure made of a nanoscale superlattice of interacting quantum wires with a multicomponent electronic structure. We present first-principles quantum calculation of a universal superconducting dome where Tc amplification in multi-gap superconductivity is driven by the Fano-Feshbach resonance due to configuration interaction between open and closed pairing channels, i.e., between multiple gaps in the BCS regime, resonating with a single gap in the BCS-BEC crossover regime. In the proposed three dimensional (3D) phase diagram the critical temperature shows a superconducting dome where Tc is a function of two variables (i) the Lifshitz parameter ($\eta$) measuring the separation of the chemical potential from the Lifshitz transition normalized by the inter-wires coupling and (ii) the effective electron phonon coupling (g) in the appearing new Fermi surface including phonon softening. The results will be of help for material design of room temperature superconductors at ambient pressure.