Mechanical Oscillator Can Excite an Atom Through the Quantum Vacuum

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a mechanical oscillator can induce coherent excitation of an atom via virtual photon pairs in a cavity, revealing a novel quantum interaction with potential applications in quantum tech.

Contribution

It introduces a new mechanism for atom excitation through the dynamical Casimir effect in a cavity with a mechanical oscillator, supported by feasible experimental parameters.

Findings

Resonant atom-mechanical coupling via virtual photons in vacuum

Atom absorbs a photon from a virtual pair, akin to Hawking radiation

Feasible experimental parameters for observing effects

Abstract

We consider a two-photon Rabi model with one of the cavity mirrors connected by a mechanical oscillator in strong-coupling regime. We find that when the cavity is in its vacuum state, there exists a resonant coupling between the atom and mechanical oscillator even if the quality factor of the cavity is ultra low. The coupling is coherent and can be achieved by the exchange of virtual photon pairs induced by dynamical Casimir effect. Moreover, when considering the one-photon Rabi model, we find that the atom can absorb one photon from a virtual photon pair, leaving the other converting to a real photon. The behavior shows analogy with the well-known Hawking radiation. The parameters used in our theoretical models are all feasible data in experiments at present. Our theory reveals a kind of novel effective interaction and may find applications ranging from quantum information to nanotechnology.